A column or filter is missing
The search table is assembled from whatever is installed, so a missing column is usually a missing capability rather than a fault.
The other cause is an administrator hiding a capability site-wide.
#What to check
Is the capability that owns that column installed?
Has an administrator hidden it site-wide, or turned it off for this space?
Are you on the standalone Search app, which has none of the contributed fields?
The standalone app is the common answer. It is free and it is deliberately limited to Confluence's own fields. The contributed columns only exist in the Suite.
#A few things worth knowing
Hiding a capability removes its columns as well as its navigation entry.
A column can be present but empty, which means indexing rather than installation.
Column visibility is also per saved search, so check you have not simply hidden it.
#Related
Missing column, missing capability.
